Enslaved Persons Living in Oxford Between 1836 - 1865
Assembled by Professor Mark Auslander and his students during the development of the exhibition, "A Dream Deferred: African Americans at Emory and Oxford Colleges, 1836-1865" at the Hoke O’Kelly Library, January 2001 and is reproduced here by permission.
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Abner
Abner, brother of Darcus, was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Abner was the son of “Daddy Ben,” who worked on a plantation belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr.’s father, Sydney Stone, (located in Walton County, north of Monroe, on Jack’s Creek). G. W. W. Stone, Jr. recalled Abner very well:
Abner was the Uncle Remus of our plantation- a good natured man- who was fond of children. His house was a place all of us children wanted to go whenever we could hear him tell stories, sing songs, and to get him to play games with us. Sist’ Emma and I were always anxious to go to Ab’s house on rainy days and any night too, when he had no special work.
Abner was in charge of between 100 and 200 hogs. Stone describes him as the strongest and best natured man on the place. “He was unusually clever, altho [sic] he was the only one who had any trouble with any of our overseers.”
According to Stone, Abner discovered that Harris would take pleasure rides on the back the family plow horse, Fannie, driving her to exhaustion after a hard day of plowing. Abner had great affection for the horse and threatened to report Harris to the master. Harris tried to whip Abner, but Abner fled into the woods and then ran to G. W. W. Stone Sr. When Stone, Sr. approached Harris, Harris falsely accused Abner of trying to stab him with a pocket knife and produced a torn coat as evidence. Stone, Sr. saw through the manufactured evidence and sided with Abner. Harris was later dismissed. (See “The Slave, the Overseer, and the Tell-Tale Coat” by G. W. W. Stone, Jr. in Part 4: Oral Histories).
Addison
Addison was a slave owned by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was one of many slaves Bishop Andrew “sold” to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory College in 1844 who was then immediately deeded back to the Bishop. This was done in an effort to avoid the escalating controversy that was coming to a head within the Methodist Church over slave ownership by bishops. The transfer of the ownership of Andrew’s slaves came just before the Methodist Episcopal Church General Conference of 1844 as an attempt to disguise the bishop’s slave ownership. However, the ruse was not successful; the Conference expelled Bishop Andrew and it was his expulsion that proved to be the tipping point that caused the split of the church into two factions.
Aggie (“Aunt Aggie”)
Aggie was enslaved by the Branham family and served as their cook.
NOTE: According to the 1870 Freedman’s Census of Covington, there was an Agnes Branham who was 16 years old at the time, which would make her birth year 1854. She is listed as a domestic servant living in Covington, in the household of Witte Branham, a 55 year-old female domestic servant. It is probable that the two were related.
Albert (~1818 - ? )
Albert was a slave of Dr. Alexander Means. In 1858, Dr. Means gave Albert, along with another slave named Fanny, to his daughter, Victoria Ann, and her husband, George Johnson. In his diary, Dr. Means recorded the event and described Albert a man “about forty years of age.”
On December 30, 1861, Dr. Means “rented out” Albert on behalf of his son-in-law, as Johnson was away at the time, working in Richmond. The event was recorded in Dr. Means’s diary: “I agree to let Steward Starr and Orr have Mr. Johnson’s boy Albert for the next year--- shoemaker.”
NOTE: As Albert and Fanny were given as a gift together, it is possible that they were married. Gustavus Orr’s company was making shoes for the Confederate Army and Albert was an expert shoemaker. The 1850 census lists a 30 year-old black make as belonging to Dr. Means. It is possible that that man is Albert.
Allen
Allen, the son of Lillah and brother to Laura, was a slave of Bishop James Osgood Andrew. Allen was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Anderson, Thomas (1849 - ?)
Thomas Anderson was born into slavery in 1849, however little is known about him prior to emancipation. He married Minerva Sims, a former slave, in 1874. They had six children and built a house on property they owned on the corner of Mitchell and Soule Streets in Oxford. Thomas was one of the founding members of Rust Chapel .
Anna (1845-1849)
Anna was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was the daughter of Tempey, born in Cokesbury, South Carolina. G. W. W. Stone Jr.’s papers indicate that she lived with them until after General Lee’s surrender.
Aphey
Aphey was enslaved by George W. Lane, who died in 1848. Lane’s will, signed on August 29, 1848 and probated on November 6, 1848, inventories two slaves, a Negro boy named Ellick and a woman named Aphey.
Arthur
Arthur was enslaved by the Branham family. Henry F. Branham recorded that Arthur accompanied Henry’s older brother, Edward V. Branham, into the 42nd Georgia Regiment during the Civil War. According to Henry F. Brnaham’s memoir, after Pemberton surrendered, Arthur escaped from the Union side and returned to Oxford.
NOTE: There is an Arthur Jackson, age 40, listed in the 1870 Freedman’s Census as a farm worker. There is also 30 year-old black male listed in the 1860 slave schedule as belonging to the Walter R. Branham’s household. It is possible that they are the same person.
Ben (“Daddy Ben”)
Ben was a slave on the plantation of Sydney Stone, in Walton County. Ben was the father of Abner, a slave on the plantation belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. (Sydney Stone’s son) that was also in Walton County. According to G. W. W. Stone, Jr., Ben “belonged to “Uncle Billie” [in Monroe] and I remember him long after the war. He was…good natured.”
Caesar
G. W. W. Stone, Sr. inherited Caesar, who was said to be an old man at the time, when Stone’s father, Sydney B. Stone died in 1856.
Caesar was in charge of hoeing and pea-picking and was skilled at making ax and hoe handles. He was married to Sallie, a basket maker, and they had three children: Mary, Jake, and Hunter. Caesar left with Sherman’s army in 1864 and never returned.
Carter, Victoria (~1877 - ?)
Victoria Carter was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was the only child of Mary and was believed to have been born around 1877. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. would later recall that “she lives around Cartersville. Her husband’s name is George Carter.”
Charles
Charles was a hired laborer at Emory, believed to be a slave. Slave owners often “hired out” some of their slaves to others for various lengths of time without permanently selling them. The minutes from a meeting of the Emory Board of Trustees on February 9, 1837 reads in part:
Abner, brother of Darcus, was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Abner was the son of “Daddy Ben,” who worked on a plantation belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr.’s father, Sydney Stone, (located in Walton County, north of Monroe, on Jack’s Creek). G. W. W. Stone, Jr. recalled Abner very well:
Abner was the Uncle Remus of our plantation- a good natured man- who was fond of children. His house was a place all of us children wanted to go whenever we could hear him tell stories, sing songs, and to get him to play games with us. Sist’ Emma and I were always anxious to go to Ab’s house on rainy days and any night too, when he had no special work.
Abner was in charge of between 100 and 200 hogs. Stone describes him as the strongest and best natured man on the place. “He was unusually clever, altho [sic] he was the only one who had any trouble with any of our overseers.”
According to Stone, Abner discovered that Harris would take pleasure rides on the back the family plow horse, Fannie, driving her to exhaustion after a hard day of plowing. Abner had great affection for the horse and threatened to report Harris to the master. Harris tried to whip Abner, but Abner fled into the woods and then ran to G. W. W. Stone Sr. When Stone, Sr. approached Harris, Harris falsely accused Abner of trying to stab him with a pocket knife and produced a torn coat as evidence. Stone, Sr. saw through the manufactured evidence and sided with Abner. Harris was later dismissed. (See “The Slave, the Overseer, and the Tell-Tale Coat” by G. W. W. Stone, Jr. in Part 4: Oral Histories).
Addison
Addison was a slave owned by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was one of many slaves Bishop Andrew “sold” to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory College in 1844 who was then immediately deeded back to the Bishop. This was done in an effort to avoid the escalating controversy that was coming to a head within the Methodist Church over slave ownership by bishops. The transfer of the ownership of Andrew’s slaves came just before the Methodist Episcopal Church General Conference of 1844 as an attempt to disguise the bishop’s slave ownership. However, the ruse was not successful; the Conference expelled Bishop Andrew and it was his expulsion that proved to be the tipping point that caused the split of the church into two factions.
Aggie (“Aunt Aggie”)
Aggie was enslaved by the Branham family and served as their cook.
NOTE: According to the 1870 Freedman’s Census of Covington, there was an Agnes Branham who was 16 years old at the time, which would make her birth year 1854. She is listed as a domestic servant living in Covington, in the household of Witte Branham, a 55 year-old female domestic servant. It is probable that the two were related.
Albert (~1818 - ? )
Albert was a slave of Dr. Alexander Means. In 1858, Dr. Means gave Albert, along with another slave named Fanny, to his daughter, Victoria Ann, and her husband, George Johnson. In his diary, Dr. Means recorded the event and described Albert a man “about forty years of age.”
On December 30, 1861, Dr. Means “rented out” Albert on behalf of his son-in-law, as Johnson was away at the time, working in Richmond. The event was recorded in Dr. Means’s diary: “I agree to let Steward Starr and Orr have Mr. Johnson’s boy Albert for the next year--- shoemaker.”
NOTE: As Albert and Fanny were given as a gift together, it is possible that they were married. Gustavus Orr’s company was making shoes for the Confederate Army and Albert was an expert shoemaker. The 1850 census lists a 30 year-old black make as belonging to Dr. Means. It is possible that that man is Albert.
Allen
Allen, the son of Lillah and brother to Laura, was a slave of Bishop James Osgood Andrew. Allen was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Anderson, Thomas (1849 - ?)
Thomas Anderson was born into slavery in 1849, however little is known about him prior to emancipation. He married Minerva Sims, a former slave, in 1874. They had six children and built a house on property they owned on the corner of Mitchell and Soule Streets in Oxford. Thomas was one of the founding members of Rust Chapel .
Anna (1845-1849)
Anna was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was the daughter of Tempey, born in Cokesbury, South Carolina. G. W. W. Stone Jr.’s papers indicate that she lived with them until after General Lee’s surrender.
Aphey
Aphey was enslaved by George W. Lane, who died in 1848. Lane’s will, signed on August 29, 1848 and probated on November 6, 1848, inventories two slaves, a Negro boy named Ellick and a woman named Aphey.
Arthur
Arthur was enslaved by the Branham family. Henry F. Branham recorded that Arthur accompanied Henry’s older brother, Edward V. Branham, into the 42nd Georgia Regiment during the Civil War. According to Henry F. Brnaham’s memoir, after Pemberton surrendered, Arthur escaped from the Union side and returned to Oxford.
NOTE: There is an Arthur Jackson, age 40, listed in the 1870 Freedman’s Census as a farm worker. There is also 30 year-old black male listed in the 1860 slave schedule as belonging to the Walter R. Branham’s household. It is possible that they are the same person.
Ben (“Daddy Ben”)
Ben was a slave on the plantation of Sydney Stone, in Walton County. Ben was the father of Abner, a slave on the plantation belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. (Sydney Stone’s son) that was also in Walton County. According to G. W. W. Stone, Jr., Ben “belonged to “Uncle Billie” [in Monroe] and I remember him long after the war. He was…good natured.”
Caesar
G. W. W. Stone, Sr. inherited Caesar, who was said to be an old man at the time, when Stone’s father, Sydney B. Stone died in 1856.
Caesar was in charge of hoeing and pea-picking and was skilled at making ax and hoe handles. He was married to Sallie, a basket maker, and they had three children: Mary, Jake, and Hunter. Caesar left with Sherman’s army in 1864 and never returned.
Carter, Victoria (~1877 - ?)
Victoria Carter was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was the only child of Mary and was believed to have been born around 1877. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. would later recall that “she lives around Cartersville. Her husband’s name is George Carter.”
Charles
Charles was a hired laborer at Emory, believed to be a slave. Slave owners often “hired out” some of their slaves to others for various lengths of time without permanently selling them. The minutes from a meeting of the Emory Board of Trustees on February 9, 1837 reads in part:
Resolved that the Treasurer be instructed to pay the sum of Fifty Dollars for the hire of a negro woman by the name of Sib for 1836 and to give notes for the hire of the negroes ordered to be hired for the present year and the following rates for Sim: $150, for Charles: $150, for Sib and her children: $75.
Charles
Charles was enslaved by Professor Gustavus Orr. Charles signed a freedmen’s contract with Orr dated August 15, 1865.
Charles
Charles was a slave of the Graves family. The Graves family farm record book for the Mount Pleasant plantation states in part:
Charles was enslaved by Professor Gustavus Orr. Charles signed a freedmen’s contract with Orr dated August 15, 1865.
Charles
Charles was a slave of the Graves family. The Graves family farm record book for the Mount Pleasant plantation states in part:
Nov. 18th: Visited by the Yankees. [They]carried off the mule and horses. Killed the chickens. Took potatoes and corn and stole …. Carried off Nick and Charles.
19th: Yankees left in the morning, Negroes … there at the camp.
22nd: Very cold. Nick and Charley come home.
NOTE: Charley might have become “Old Charles Lowe,” who seems to be a sharecropper in the late 1860s and 1870s on the Graves plantation. There is a Charles Low in Newborn (a farmer, age 63) in the 1870 Freedman’s Census.
Charity
Charity was a slave who worked as a cook for Lewis Thomas’s father during Civil War. During the Union occupation of Oxford, she told Federal Troops that Mr. Thomas had been gone three weeks, although he was actually in hiding.
Clinton (~1845/49 - ? )
Clinton was a slave to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. He was the son of Tempey, born in Cokesbury, South Carolina. When he came to Oxford is unknown, but, according to Stone family documents, he lived with them until General Lee’s surrender at the end of the Civil War.
Darcus
Darcus was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was the sister of Abner, who was also a slave on the Stone plantation. A notation was made in Stone family documents in reference to Darcus, which read: “We called her Dark for short altho [sic] she was a ginger bread color.”
Dave
Dave was enslaved by “Mr. [Lewis] Thomas,” the son of James R. Thomas, who was president of Emory College from 1855 to 1867. This is evidenced by a letter written by Lewis Thomas in 1895 in which he recalls an event that took place during the Civil War in which his father and Professor Orr hid out together in a cave on his property. He writes that he told “Dave, our trusted negro [sic] man where they were, and to bring them something to eat. He did the days that the Yankees were in town.” The letter indicates that Lewis Thomas was a surgeon at “the hospital,” which is a reference to Emory College, as it had been converted to a hospital to treat sick and wounded soldiers during the Civil War.
NOTE: The slave schedule of James R. Thomas in 1860 lists a 60 year-old male, a 47 year-old male, a 45 year-old male, a 17 year-old male, and a 14 year-old male. In the 1870 Census, the Davids listed are David Cureton (b. ~1792), who was a Methodist minister, and David Wright (b. ~1830).
Dave is perhaps the same person known as “Old Uncle Davy,” who was evidently a pious Christian. In a letter to his son, Henry, dated January 29, 1860, Gustavus Orr refers his son, who is trying to become a Christian, to “Old Uncle Davy.”
Dobbs, Jim, Sr. Rev. ( ? - 1914)
Jim Dobbs was enslaved by the Newton County Dobbs Family, but became emancipated. He was married to Sally Dobbs and was the father of Tom and Horace Dobbs. While the Dobbs Family Bible records the date of Jim’s death, it does not record the date of his birth.
Dobbs, Tom
Tom Dobbs, the first son of Reverend Jim Dobbs, Sr., was 10 years old when slavery ended. Tom Dobbs was the grandfather of Ervelena.
Duncan
Duncan was a slave to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Duncan was the son of Lucinda, who was the daughter of Ruth, who, in turn, was the daughter of Nancy. The record shows that the name of Duncan’s first wife was left blank. His second wife was named Maria and they lived a few miles north of Oxford. Duncan was known to be a respected and useful citizen of Newton County. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. remembered him in his letters as “one of our most useful and efficient hands.”
Edward
Edward was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Ellick
Ellick was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. Ellick was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Ellick
Ellick was enslaved by George W. Lane, who died in 1848. Lane’s estate recorded two slaves, a Negro boy named Ellick and a woman named Aphey. The record further shows that the estate “hired out” Ellick in the late 1840s for about two hundred dollars per year.
NOTE: It is possible that the Ellick belonging to Bishop Andrew and the Ellick belonging to George W. Lane are one in the same. The Lane estate records show that other property belonging to the bishop were in Lane’s possession, such as 1,328 volumes of books that the executor administrator thought belonged to Bishop Andrew.
Evans, Viney (1851 – 1906)
Buried in the Oxford Cemetery.
NOTE: There were 19 white persons named Evans in the 1860 Newton County Census.
Fanny (~1828 - ? )
The diary of Dr. Alexander Means shows that he gifted Fanny to his daughter and son in law on December 27, 1858 and lists Fanny as “a woman about thirty years of age.” Fanny was the mother of Harriet and Iverson.
NOTE: It is possible that Fanny was married to Albert, age 40, who was gifted by Dr. Means to his daughter at the same time. According to the 1850 Slave Census, Alexander Means had a 24 year-old female slave, who was perhaps Fanny. According to the 1880 Census, there was a Fanny Wingfield living in Oxford at that time. It indicates that she was born “around 1833.” The Census of 1870 lists a Fannie Graves, born “around 1817.”
Frank
Frank was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Frank was the son of Tempey, who was born in Cokesbury, South Carolina around 1845 to 1849. The Stone Family records state that “Frank left us going away with Sherman’s army.” (November 1864)
Gaither, Katie Lemon
Katie was enslaved by the Gaither Family and worked on the Gaither plantation. She was the mother of Willie C. Gaither.
Gaither, Annie D. (1858 – 1941)
Buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Gaither, Willie C. (1863-1951)
Buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Garrison
Garrison was the slave of the Jeptha M. Cody estate. Extant records show that he escaped and was recaptured in November 1864. Two hundred dollars was paid to the slave-catcher.
George
George was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
George Washington (1853 - ?)
George was enslaved by the Branham Family. He looked after Henry F. Branham as a boy. George was a little older than Henry, who was born in 1860. Henry Branham recalled that George at times subjected him to corporal punishment, but that “I never told on him. I don’t know why unless I was afraid of his threats, but I guess after all it was because I knew that he would protect me from everybody but himself; no one [who] has not experienced it can ever explain the relationship that existed between master and slave, each belonged to each other.”
NOTE: In the 1860 slave schedule belonging to Walter R. Branham, the ages of the two youngest males listed are 12 and 15. Perhaps George Washington was purchased from another slave-owner (perhaps Gustavus Orr, who is known to have a slave named George W.) in the early 1860s; he seems to have been acquired specifically to care for young Henry F. Branham.
Godfrey, Israel, Sr. (1849-1923)
Israel Godfrey was born into slavery in Alabama and took the Godfrey name after emancipation. His brother is said to have taken the name of Cody. His first wife was named Mahala. Godfrey later married a woman named Sallie. He had 12 children. Godfrey is listed as one of the nine initial trustees of Rust Chapel in 1908 and is buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery.
NOTE: It is believed that Godfrey came from the estate of the slave-owner Jeptha M. Cody, who died in 1864. Cody owned property in Oxford and elsewhere in Newton County.
Graves, Nicholas (1845[8] - ?)
Born into slavery between 1845 - 1848 and was the property of Iverson Lee Graves. He was freed sometime prior to 1870 and married Rena.
Gwin, WIlliam (1846 - 1901)
Once enslaved to Bishop James Osgood Andrew, WIlliam Graves was born with the name Russell Nathan Boyd, but changed his name after emancipation. He was the son to Catherine ("Miss Kitty") Andrew Boyd. Gwin later became the chief messenger for the United States State Department.
Hammond, Robert (1858-1923)
Robert Hammond was one of the founding trustee of Rust Chapel, the first African American Methodist church in Oxford. In 1883, Robert married Amanda Moore of Covington and worked as head janitor at Emory College for 42 years. He is buried in Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Hannah (1833 - ?)
Hannah was enslaved by Professor Gustavus Orr. Extant documents show that she signed a freedmen’s contract with Orr for herself and her two children on August 15, 1865.
NOTE: It is believed that this Hannah is the Hannah Hunter listed in the 1870 Census, a 37-year-old female, born around 1833 in South Carolina and listed as a domestic servant. It also records that Hannah was the mother of Octavia and George W.
Henry
Henry was enslaved by Gustavus Orr. Henry is discussed in letters between Edgar Orr and his father, Gustavus Orr in January 1860 indicating that Henry was learning to become a boot maker from Mr. Berkin. He was also trying to become a Christian and renounce his “sinful ways.”
NOTE: There is a Henry Bryant b. ~1828 who was married to a woman named Catherine listed in the 1870 Freedman’s Census. It is possible that these two Henrys were one in the same person.
Hayes, James B. (1860-1918)
Buried in Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Harriet (~1852 - 1861)
Harriet, daughter of Fanny and sister to Iveson, was a slave belonging to Dr. Alexander Means. She was given to Dr. Mean’s daughter and son law, Victoria and George Johnson, in 1858. She was six years old at the time. Dr. Means recorded in his diary that Harriet fell into a coma in late November 1861 and, after she was treated by Dr. Gaithers with a tonic composed of oil and turpentine, died in the afternoon of Nov 28th.
Hunter
Hunter was a slave of G. W. W. Stone, Sr. He was the son of Caesar and Sallie. He was part of the inheritance G. W. W. Stone, Sr. received from his father, Sydney B. Stone, upon his death in 1856. The Stone Family documents show only that Hunter “lived until long after the surrender” (of General Robert E. Lee, the end of Civil War).
Isaac (1810 - ?)
Isaac was given to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. and his wife by her father, Bishop William Capers of Charleston, South Carolina. In a letter to Polly Stone, daughter of Theodotus “Oddie” Stone, G. W. W. Stone, Jr. wrote: “[Isaac] afterwards became father’s plantation foreman and lived with them until he went away with Sherman’s army. He came back and lived with your father during the last part of Isaac’s life — He died out on your father’s place not a long while before your father’s death.”
NOTE: This is probably the same Isaac Stone who was listed in the 1870 Freedman Census as being born in 1810 in South Carolina with his occupation as farm worker. His wife was listed as a woman named Mary, and their children as Eudocia, Laura, and Victoria.
Iveson (~1857 - ? )
Iveson, daughter of Fanny and sister to Harriet, was a slave belonging to Dr. Alexander Means and given by him in 1858 to his daughter and son-in-law, Victoria and George Johnson. Dr. Means recorded in his diary that Iveson was five months old at the time.
Jacob
Jacob was enslaved by James Osgood Andrew. According to Life and Letters of James Osgood Andrew, edited by G. G. Smith (p. 344), Bishop Andrew wrote in a letter to the bishops of the General Conference in 1844 that
Charity
Charity was a slave who worked as a cook for Lewis Thomas’s father during Civil War. During the Union occupation of Oxford, she told Federal Troops that Mr. Thomas had been gone three weeks, although he was actually in hiding.
Clinton (~1845/49 - ? )
Clinton was a slave to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. He was the son of Tempey, born in Cokesbury, South Carolina. When he came to Oxford is unknown, but, according to Stone family documents, he lived with them until General Lee’s surrender at the end of the Civil War.
Darcus
Darcus was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was the sister of Abner, who was also a slave on the Stone plantation. A notation was made in Stone family documents in reference to Darcus, which read: “We called her Dark for short altho [sic] she was a ginger bread color.”
Dave
Dave was enslaved by “Mr. [Lewis] Thomas,” the son of James R. Thomas, who was president of Emory College from 1855 to 1867. This is evidenced by a letter written by Lewis Thomas in 1895 in which he recalls an event that took place during the Civil War in which his father and Professor Orr hid out together in a cave on his property. He writes that he told “Dave, our trusted negro [sic] man where they were, and to bring them something to eat. He did the days that the Yankees were in town.” The letter indicates that Lewis Thomas was a surgeon at “the hospital,” which is a reference to Emory College, as it had been converted to a hospital to treat sick and wounded soldiers during the Civil War.
NOTE: The slave schedule of James R. Thomas in 1860 lists a 60 year-old male, a 47 year-old male, a 45 year-old male, a 17 year-old male, and a 14 year-old male. In the 1870 Census, the Davids listed are David Cureton (b. ~1792), who was a Methodist minister, and David Wright (b. ~1830).
Dave is perhaps the same person known as “Old Uncle Davy,” who was evidently a pious Christian. In a letter to his son, Henry, dated January 29, 1860, Gustavus Orr refers his son, who is trying to become a Christian, to “Old Uncle Davy.”
Dobbs, Jim, Sr. Rev. ( ? - 1914)
Jim Dobbs was enslaved by the Newton County Dobbs Family, but became emancipated. He was married to Sally Dobbs and was the father of Tom and Horace Dobbs. While the Dobbs Family Bible records the date of Jim’s death, it does not record the date of his birth.
Dobbs, Tom
Tom Dobbs, the first son of Reverend Jim Dobbs, Sr., was 10 years old when slavery ended. Tom Dobbs was the grandfather of Ervelena.
Duncan
Duncan was a slave to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Duncan was the son of Lucinda, who was the daughter of Ruth, who, in turn, was the daughter of Nancy. The record shows that the name of Duncan’s first wife was left blank. His second wife was named Maria and they lived a few miles north of Oxford. Duncan was known to be a respected and useful citizen of Newton County. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. remembered him in his letters as “one of our most useful and efficient hands.”
Edward
Edward was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Ellick
Ellick was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. Ellick was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Ellick
Ellick was enslaved by George W. Lane, who died in 1848. Lane’s estate recorded two slaves, a Negro boy named Ellick and a woman named Aphey. The record further shows that the estate “hired out” Ellick in the late 1840s for about two hundred dollars per year.
NOTE: It is possible that the Ellick belonging to Bishop Andrew and the Ellick belonging to George W. Lane are one in the same. The Lane estate records show that other property belonging to the bishop were in Lane’s possession, such as 1,328 volumes of books that the executor administrator thought belonged to Bishop Andrew.
Evans, Viney (1851 – 1906)
Buried in the Oxford Cemetery.
NOTE: There were 19 white persons named Evans in the 1860 Newton County Census.
Fanny (~1828 - ? )
The diary of Dr. Alexander Means shows that he gifted Fanny to his daughter and son in law on December 27, 1858 and lists Fanny as “a woman about thirty years of age.” Fanny was the mother of Harriet and Iverson.
NOTE: It is possible that Fanny was married to Albert, age 40, who was gifted by Dr. Means to his daughter at the same time. According to the 1850 Slave Census, Alexander Means had a 24 year-old female slave, who was perhaps Fanny. According to the 1880 Census, there was a Fanny Wingfield living in Oxford at that time. It indicates that she was born “around 1833.” The Census of 1870 lists a Fannie Graves, born “around 1817.”
Frank
Frank was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Frank was the son of Tempey, who was born in Cokesbury, South Carolina around 1845 to 1849. The Stone Family records state that “Frank left us going away with Sherman’s army.” (November 1864)
Gaither, Katie Lemon
Katie was enslaved by the Gaither Family and worked on the Gaither plantation. She was the mother of Willie C. Gaither.
Gaither, Annie D. (1858 – 1941)
Buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Gaither, Willie C. (1863-1951)
Buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Garrison
Garrison was the slave of the Jeptha M. Cody estate. Extant records show that he escaped and was recaptured in November 1864. Two hundred dollars was paid to the slave-catcher.
George
George was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
George Washington (1853 - ?)
George was enslaved by the Branham Family. He looked after Henry F. Branham as a boy. George was a little older than Henry, who was born in 1860. Henry Branham recalled that George at times subjected him to corporal punishment, but that “I never told on him. I don’t know why unless I was afraid of his threats, but I guess after all it was because I knew that he would protect me from everybody but himself; no one [who] has not experienced it can ever explain the relationship that existed between master and slave, each belonged to each other.”
NOTE: In the 1860 slave schedule belonging to Walter R. Branham, the ages of the two youngest males listed are 12 and 15. Perhaps George Washington was purchased from another slave-owner (perhaps Gustavus Orr, who is known to have a slave named George W.) in the early 1860s; he seems to have been acquired specifically to care for young Henry F. Branham.
Godfrey, Israel, Sr. (1849-1923)
Israel Godfrey was born into slavery in Alabama and took the Godfrey name after emancipation. His brother is said to have taken the name of Cody. His first wife was named Mahala. Godfrey later married a woman named Sallie. He had 12 children. Godfrey is listed as one of the nine initial trustees of Rust Chapel in 1908 and is buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery.
NOTE: It is believed that Godfrey came from the estate of the slave-owner Jeptha M. Cody, who died in 1864. Cody owned property in Oxford and elsewhere in Newton County.
Graves, Nicholas (1845[8] - ?)
Born into slavery between 1845 - 1848 and was the property of Iverson Lee Graves. He was freed sometime prior to 1870 and married Rena.
Gwin, WIlliam (1846 - 1901)
Once enslaved to Bishop James Osgood Andrew, WIlliam Graves was born with the name Russell Nathan Boyd, but changed his name after emancipation. He was the son to Catherine ("Miss Kitty") Andrew Boyd. Gwin later became the chief messenger for the United States State Department.
Hammond, Robert (1858-1923)
Robert Hammond was one of the founding trustee of Rust Chapel, the first African American Methodist church in Oxford. In 1883, Robert married Amanda Moore of Covington and worked as head janitor at Emory College for 42 years. He is buried in Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Hannah (1833 - ?)
Hannah was enslaved by Professor Gustavus Orr. Extant documents show that she signed a freedmen’s contract with Orr for herself and her two children on August 15, 1865.
NOTE: It is believed that this Hannah is the Hannah Hunter listed in the 1870 Census, a 37-year-old female, born around 1833 in South Carolina and listed as a domestic servant. It also records that Hannah was the mother of Octavia and George W.
Henry
Henry was enslaved by Gustavus Orr. Henry is discussed in letters between Edgar Orr and his father, Gustavus Orr in January 1860 indicating that Henry was learning to become a boot maker from Mr. Berkin. He was also trying to become a Christian and renounce his “sinful ways.”
NOTE: There is a Henry Bryant b. ~1828 who was married to a woman named Catherine listed in the 1870 Freedman’s Census. It is possible that these two Henrys were one in the same person.
Hayes, James B. (1860-1918)
Buried in Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Harriet (~1852 - 1861)
Harriet, daughter of Fanny and sister to Iveson, was a slave belonging to Dr. Alexander Means. She was given to Dr. Mean’s daughter and son law, Victoria and George Johnson, in 1858. She was six years old at the time. Dr. Means recorded in his diary that Harriet fell into a coma in late November 1861 and, after she was treated by Dr. Gaithers with a tonic composed of oil and turpentine, died in the afternoon of Nov 28th.
Hunter
Hunter was a slave of G. W. W. Stone, Sr. He was the son of Caesar and Sallie. He was part of the inheritance G. W. W. Stone, Sr. received from his father, Sydney B. Stone, upon his death in 1856. The Stone Family documents show only that Hunter “lived until long after the surrender” (of General Robert E. Lee, the end of Civil War).
Isaac (1810 - ?)
Isaac was given to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. and his wife by her father, Bishop William Capers of Charleston, South Carolina. In a letter to Polly Stone, daughter of Theodotus “Oddie” Stone, G. W. W. Stone, Jr. wrote: “[Isaac] afterwards became father’s plantation foreman and lived with them until he went away with Sherman’s army. He came back and lived with your father during the last part of Isaac’s life — He died out on your father’s place not a long while before your father’s death.”
NOTE: This is probably the same Isaac Stone who was listed in the 1870 Freedman Census as being born in 1810 in South Carolina with his occupation as farm worker. His wife was listed as a woman named Mary, and their children as Eudocia, Laura, and Victoria.
Iveson (~1857 - ? )
Iveson, daughter of Fanny and sister to Harriet, was a slave belonging to Dr. Alexander Means and given by him in 1858 to his daughter and son-in-law, Victoria and George Johnson. Dr. Means recorded in his diary that Iveson was five months old at the time.
Jacob
Jacob was enslaved by James Osgood Andrew. According to Life and Letters of James Osgood Andrew, edited by G. G. Smith (p. 344), Bishop Andrew wrote in a letter to the bishops of the General Conference in 1844 that
about five years since [c. 1839] the mother of my former wife left to her daughter -- not to me -- a negro [sic] boy and, as my wife died without a will, more than two years since, by the laws of the State, he became my property. In this case ... emancipation is impracticable in the State, but he shall be at liberty to leave the State whenever I shall be satisfied that he is prepared to provide for himself, or I can have sufficient security that he will be protected and provided for in the place to which he may go.
Jake ( ? - 1863)
Jake was a slave owned by G. W. W. Stone, Sr., believed to have been part of the Stone’s inheritance from his father, Sydney B. Stone, upon the elder Stone’s death in 1856. Jake, the son of Caesar and Sallie, died of smallpox during the Civil War, 1863.
Jack
Jack was a slave of Dr. Shaw. Dr. Alexander Means recorded in his diary on Friday, December 27, 1861 that he “hired Jack and Jim from Dr. Shaw for $85 each.”
James
James was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Jefferson
Jefferson was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Jim
Jim was enslaved by Dr. Shaw. Dr. Alexander Means recorded in his diary on Friday, December 27, 1861 that he “hired Jack and Jim from Dr. Shaw for $85 each.”
Kitty (~1822 ~1850/56)
Catherine Andrew Boyd, also known as "Miss Kitty," was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was reportedly offered manumission which, under state law, would have required her to be transported to Liberia. Instead, she is said to have refused manumission and remained the property of Bishop Andrew until her death. It is the belief of many African Americans in Oxford that she was the unwilling mistress of the bishop. (A full biography of Kitty is in Part One of this book).
Laura
Laura, daughter of Lillah and sister to Allen, was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Lawrence
Lawrence was enslaved by the Graves Family and served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. In a letter from Confederate Marine Henry Graves to his mother dated November 3, 1864, Graves wrote: “… Lawrence is very well and asks me to send his love to his parents. I find him a good boy and an incalculable benefit to me.”
Leniah
Leniah and her three children were enslaved by Hardy H. Andrew and later, by Iverson L. Graves, who died without will between April 10, 1854 and June 1, 1854. In the settlement of Andrew’s estate, the record shows: “the following slaves sold – Leniah and her three children to Iverson L. Graves.”
Lillah
Lillah, mother of Laura and Allen, was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Lizzie
Lizzie was a slave belonging to Professor Gustavus Orr. She signed freedmen’s contract with Orr dated August 15, 1865.
Lucinda
Lucinda, daughter of Ruth, who, in turn, was the daughter of Nancy, was a slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was the mother of two children, Sterling and Duncan. Although the date of her death was never recorded in the Stone Family records, it is presumed that she died prior to 1855.
Mary
Mary was enslaved by Jeptha M. Cody. According to extant documents, Mary and her daughter escaped in October 1864, however were recaptured and jailed.
Mary
According to Stone Family records, Mary was given to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. by “Grandfather Stone” upon the occasion of the younger Stone’s marriage on July 24, 1843. She was the daughter of Caesar and Sallie (who were held on Sydney B. Stone’s plantation in Walton County until his death, at which time they became part of G. W. W. Stone Sr.’s inheritance). Mary had one daughter by the name of Victoria.
NOTE: In the 1870 Freedman’s Census, there is a Mary Stone listed in Covington who was 55 years old (so born about 1815). It records that she was keeping house and living in the household of Issac Stone, a farm worker, who was born about 1810. It further records that she had a four month old girl named Victoria. There is also a Mary Wright, 41 years old (b. 1829) in Oxford in the 1870 Census.
Means, Louisa (~1820 – 1882)
Stone Family documents show that a “young colored woman” was purchased by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. when his daughter, Tudie was born in April 1841. He purchased her from his brother, John. According to those records, “[Louisa] became our head nurse-washwoman and mammy. … She couldn’t have loved her own children any more than she did us. And we loved her just like she was kin to us. She married a man named Sam Means. He was a blacksmith and behaved himself until after the surrender. Then he was unkind to Louise. He became too free. When she died in 1882, Father’s children put a tombstone over her grave.”
NOTE: Louisa Means’s tombstone still stands in the African American section (NC2 near Emory Street) of the Oxford Historical Cemetery. On the side of the tombstone facing east, is the inscription, “Louisa. Faithful Servant of G. W. W. Stone, Professor of Mathematics, Oxford College.” On the west side, in another hand, is inscribed, “Louisa Means.”
Means, Sam
Sam Means was a slave of Dr. Alexander Means who worked as a skilled shoemaker and blacksmith. Sam was married to Louisa Means, who was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Dr. Means’s diary entry of December 17,1861 records that Dr. Means hired out Sam to Mr. Bergmott for $300 per year under the terms that Sam would be allowed four trips home per year to be with his family, with the cost of the passage to be provided by Bergmott. It was also agreed that Mr. Bergmott would “board and clothe” Sam and furnish him with three or more pairs of shoes per year.
Mitchell, Tom (“Uncle Tommie”)
Tom Mitchell was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. After he was freed, he started a farm and married a woman named Mary (surname unknown). They had three sons, Tom, Jimmy, and Robert (“Bob”). Bob would later become the father of Henry “Billy” Mitchell, Chief Janitor of Emory-at-Oxford.
Nancy
Nancy was a slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. G. W. W Stone, Jr., later wrote
of Nancy, “She was too old and feeble to do much work when father inherited her -- she died before I can remember.” Nancy had a daughter named Ruth, who was the plantation cook. Ruth had a son by the name of Tony.
Nick
Nick was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Nick
Nick was a slave belonging to the Graves Family. Henry Graves, who served in the Confederate Marines during the Civil War, wrote in a letter to his mother (See the entry for “Charley”) dated September 5, 1864 from Savannah:
Jake was a slave owned by G. W. W. Stone, Sr., believed to have been part of the Stone’s inheritance from his father, Sydney B. Stone, upon the elder Stone’s death in 1856. Jake, the son of Caesar and Sallie, died of smallpox during the Civil War, 1863.
Jack
Jack was a slave of Dr. Shaw. Dr. Alexander Means recorded in his diary on Friday, December 27, 1861 that he “hired Jack and Jim from Dr. Shaw for $85 each.”
James
James was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Jefferson
Jefferson was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Jim
Jim was enslaved by Dr. Shaw. Dr. Alexander Means recorded in his diary on Friday, December 27, 1861 that he “hired Jack and Jim from Dr. Shaw for $85 each.”
Kitty (~1822 ~1850/56)
Catherine Andrew Boyd, also known as "Miss Kitty," was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was reportedly offered manumission which, under state law, would have required her to be transported to Liberia. Instead, she is said to have refused manumission and remained the property of Bishop Andrew until her death. It is the belief of many African Americans in Oxford that she was the unwilling mistress of the bishop. (A full biography of Kitty is in Part One of this book).
Laura
Laura, daughter of Lillah and sister to Allen, was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Lawrence
Lawrence was enslaved by the Graves Family and served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. In a letter from Confederate Marine Henry Graves to his mother dated November 3, 1864, Graves wrote: “… Lawrence is very well and asks me to send his love to his parents. I find him a good boy and an incalculable benefit to me.”
Leniah
Leniah and her three children were enslaved by Hardy H. Andrew and later, by Iverson L. Graves, who died without will between April 10, 1854 and June 1, 1854. In the settlement of Andrew’s estate, the record shows: “the following slaves sold – Leniah and her three children to Iverson L. Graves.”
Lillah
Lillah, mother of Laura and Allen, was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Lizzie
Lizzie was a slave belonging to Professor Gustavus Orr. She signed freedmen’s contract with Orr dated August 15, 1865.
Lucinda
Lucinda, daughter of Ruth, who, in turn, was the daughter of Nancy, was a slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was the mother of two children, Sterling and Duncan. Although the date of her death was never recorded in the Stone Family records, it is presumed that she died prior to 1855.
Mary
Mary was enslaved by Jeptha M. Cody. According to extant documents, Mary and her daughter escaped in October 1864, however were recaptured and jailed.
Mary
According to Stone Family records, Mary was given to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. by “Grandfather Stone” upon the occasion of the younger Stone’s marriage on July 24, 1843. She was the daughter of Caesar and Sallie (who were held on Sydney B. Stone’s plantation in Walton County until his death, at which time they became part of G. W. W. Stone Sr.’s inheritance). Mary had one daughter by the name of Victoria.
NOTE: In the 1870 Freedman’s Census, there is a Mary Stone listed in Covington who was 55 years old (so born about 1815). It records that she was keeping house and living in the household of Issac Stone, a farm worker, who was born about 1810. It further records that she had a four month old girl named Victoria. There is also a Mary Wright, 41 years old (b. 1829) in Oxford in the 1870 Census.
Means, Louisa (~1820 – 1882)
Stone Family documents show that a “young colored woman” was purchased by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. when his daughter, Tudie was born in April 1841. He purchased her from his brother, John. According to those records, “[Louisa] became our head nurse-washwoman and mammy. … She couldn’t have loved her own children any more than she did us. And we loved her just like she was kin to us. She married a man named Sam Means. He was a blacksmith and behaved himself until after the surrender. Then he was unkind to Louise. He became too free. When she died in 1882, Father’s children put a tombstone over her grave.”
NOTE: Louisa Means’s tombstone still stands in the African American section (NC2 near Emory Street) of the Oxford Historical Cemetery. On the side of the tombstone facing east, is the inscription, “Louisa. Faithful Servant of G. W. W. Stone, Professor of Mathematics, Oxford College.” On the west side, in another hand, is inscribed, “Louisa Means.”
Means, Sam
Sam Means was a slave of Dr. Alexander Means who worked as a skilled shoemaker and blacksmith. Sam was married to Louisa Means, who was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Dr. Means’s diary entry of December 17,1861 records that Dr. Means hired out Sam to Mr. Bergmott for $300 per year under the terms that Sam would be allowed four trips home per year to be with his family, with the cost of the passage to be provided by Bergmott. It was also agreed that Mr. Bergmott would “board and clothe” Sam and furnish him with three or more pairs of shoes per year.
Mitchell, Tom (“Uncle Tommie”)
Tom Mitchell was enslaved by Bishop James Osgood Andrew. After he was freed, he started a farm and married a woman named Mary (surname unknown). They had three sons, Tom, Jimmy, and Robert (“Bob”). Bob would later become the father of Henry “Billy” Mitchell, Chief Janitor of Emory-at-Oxford.
Nancy
Nancy was a slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. G. W. W Stone, Jr., later wrote
of Nancy, “She was too old and feeble to do much work when father inherited her -- she died before I can remember.” Nancy had a daughter named Ruth, who was the plantation cook. Ruth had a son by the name of Tony.
Nick
Nick was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Nick
Nick was a slave belonging to the Graves Family. Henry Graves, who served in the Confederate Marines during the Civil War, wrote in a letter to his mother (See the entry for “Charley”) dated September 5, 1864 from Savannah:
I wrote to Pa some days since about sending me Nick. I think it has now become doubly advisable, if it only be to save him from being carried where he will be lost to all of us forever. He could certainly be forced off even if he should not be persuaded to go of his own accord.”
NOTE: This Nick might be the Nicholas Graves of Oxford, listed in the 1870 Census as being 22 at that time, which would put his age between 17 and 22 when the war ended. The 1870 Census also shows that Nicholas Graves was married to Rena, who was born about 1850, and that they had two children, ages 5 and 3.
Octavia (~1856[7] - ?)
Octavia was enslaved by Gustavus Orr. In a letter dated November 4, 1860, Orr wrote that Octavia was sick with pneumonia, although Dr. Smith, who was tending to her, did not think her in immediate danger. By November 8th, he wrote that she was getting better, although she had been tossing and turning all night.
NOTE: The 1860 Slave Census lists an Octavia Hunter, a four year-old female slave, in the Orr household. The 1870 Census, taken at a local school, lists Octavia Hunter as 13 years old and records that she is the daughter of Hannah Hunter, a former slave to Gustavus Orr.
Orlando
Orlando was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Peggy
Peggy was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
NOTE: This Peggy is possibly the Peggy Thomas listed in the 1870 Freedman’s Census who was recorded as being born around 1802 and living in the Oxford household of Lander Thompson.
Peter
Peter was enslaved by Gustavus Orr. Orr referred to Peter in a letter he wrote to his son, Edgar dated January 29, 1860, indicating that Peter took care of his horses. Edgar Orr referred to Peter as “Uncle Peter.”
Phillip
G. W. W. Stone, Sr. inherited Phillip from his father’s brother, Tom. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. later wrote about Phillip saying that he was “a good hand, one of the blackest men I ever saw. He would almost make a black spot on a dark night… Phillip died some years ago near Walnut Grove. I remember how glad Mother was once when he came by to see her. She made him take off his hat so she could see him better.”
Phil
Phil was a slave belonging to Professor Gustavus Orr until he signed a freedmen’s contract with Orr on August 15, 1865.
NOTE: This Phil could perhaps be the Phillip Brown listed in the 1870 Freedmen’s Census as being born in 1828.
Poole, Candace (1832 – 1909)
Candace Poole is buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Potter, (first name unknown) (1812-1851)
Potter is buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery. His grave marker is inscribed with “Colored preacher of M.E. Church.” He is presumed to have been free.
Potter, Tom
Tom Potter was a free person living in Oxford, known as “Free Tom.” Henry F. Branham recalls as a child being fascinated by him, considering him “pitiable.” Branham wrote:
Free Tom did not belong anywhere, he had no place, he lived in a civilization that had no room for him, cut off by color from association with white people, cut off from his own color by his freedom, despised by the slaves. The reason for which I have never been able to understand, whether it was from a little envy of him for his freedom, or whether he had no one to claim as his own. I do know that he was a pitiable object.
Henry Branham’s enslaved minder, George Washington, would not allow him to converse with Free Tom.
NOTE: Perhaps Free Tom was related to Potter, a Colored Methodist Preacher, buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery. It is also possible that Free Tom was related to Dinah Potter, who, in the 1870 Census, was listed as 100 years of age and living in the household of David Cureton, a Methodist Minister.
Robert (~1794 - ? )
Robert was enslaved by the Graves Family. In a letter from Henry Graves to his mother dated September 17, 1863, Graves wrote:
Octavia (~1856[7] - ?)
Octavia was enslaved by Gustavus Orr. In a letter dated November 4, 1860, Orr wrote that Octavia was sick with pneumonia, although Dr. Smith, who was tending to her, did not think her in immediate danger. By November 8th, he wrote that she was getting better, although she had been tossing and turning all night.
NOTE: The 1860 Slave Census lists an Octavia Hunter, a four year-old female slave, in the Orr household. The 1870 Census, taken at a local school, lists Octavia Hunter as 13 years old and records that she is the daughter of Hannah Hunter, a former slave to Gustavus Orr.
Orlando
Orlando was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Peggy
Peggy was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
NOTE: This Peggy is possibly the Peggy Thomas listed in the 1870 Freedman’s Census who was recorded as being born around 1802 and living in the Oxford household of Lander Thompson.
Peter
Peter was enslaved by Gustavus Orr. Orr referred to Peter in a letter he wrote to his son, Edgar dated January 29, 1860, indicating that Peter took care of his horses. Edgar Orr referred to Peter as “Uncle Peter.”
Phillip
G. W. W. Stone, Sr. inherited Phillip from his father’s brother, Tom. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. later wrote about Phillip saying that he was “a good hand, one of the blackest men I ever saw. He would almost make a black spot on a dark night… Phillip died some years ago near Walnut Grove. I remember how glad Mother was once when he came by to see her. She made him take off his hat so she could see him better.”
Phil
Phil was a slave belonging to Professor Gustavus Orr until he signed a freedmen’s contract with Orr on August 15, 1865.
NOTE: This Phil could perhaps be the Phillip Brown listed in the 1870 Freedmen’s Census as being born in 1828.
Poole, Candace (1832 – 1909)
Candace Poole is buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Potter, (first name unknown) (1812-1851)
Potter is buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery. His grave marker is inscribed with “Colored preacher of M.E. Church.” He is presumed to have been free.
Potter, Tom
Tom Potter was a free person living in Oxford, known as “Free Tom.” Henry F. Branham recalls as a child being fascinated by him, considering him “pitiable.” Branham wrote:
Free Tom did not belong anywhere, he had no place, he lived in a civilization that had no room for him, cut off by color from association with white people, cut off from his own color by his freedom, despised by the slaves. The reason for which I have never been able to understand, whether it was from a little envy of him for his freedom, or whether he had no one to claim as his own. I do know that he was a pitiable object.
Henry Branham’s enslaved minder, George Washington, would not allow him to converse with Free Tom.
NOTE: Perhaps Free Tom was related to Potter, a Colored Methodist Preacher, buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery. It is also possible that Free Tom was related to Dinah Potter, who, in the 1870 Census, was listed as 100 years of age and living in the household of David Cureton, a Methodist Minister.
Robert (~1794 - ? )
Robert was enslaved by the Graves Family. In a letter from Henry Graves to his mother dated September 17, 1863, Graves wrote:
John H. Graves is at the plantation. Tom has been compelled to send Willis and Robert to the army as drivers. It is the best policy our government can adopt -- to have Negro drivers -- and put all white men into the ranks.
NOTE: Perhaps this Robert is the Robert Graves listed in the 1870 Freedmen’s Census as being a 76 year-old male (making the year of his birth around 1794) born in North Carolina and living in the household of Nicholas Graves while working as a basket maker.
Robinson, Cornelius (1836 - ?)
Cornelius Robinson was a Native American enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means as his valet. Robinson married Ellen, who was an African American slave working as a lady’s maid to Dr. Means’s wife. Cornelius and Ellen had a daughter named Sarah, who married Robert (Bob) Mitchell, son of Tom Mitchell.
Robinson, Ellen (1835 - ?)
Ellen Robinson, wife of Cornelius Robinson, was enslaved to Dr. Alexander Means and served as lady’s maid to Mrs. Means. Ellen and Cornelius lived in a small separate house behind the Means Family home that still exists today.
Robinson, Henry (1806 - ?)
Henry was enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means. He was married to Millie and they had three children: Tom, Troup, and Mildred. Dr. Means recorded in his diary that he agreed to sell Henry and his family on November 18, 1861 to Judge Reynolds of Covington, while Henry was away with Means’ son, serving in the Confederate Army at the Battle of Manassas. Upon Henry’s return, Dr. Means writes that Henry “is much distressed and unwilling to go.” Means further records that Reynolds “kindly consented” to release Dr. Means from his agreement on Dec. 28, 1861, although Means did go through with the sale of Mildred, whom, he claimed, wanted to go.
Robinson, Millie (~1818 - ?)
Millie was enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means. She was the wife of Henry and mother of Tom, Trout, and Mildred. Dr. Means recorded in his diary on November 1861, “Milly’s insolence and angry retorts first induced me to think of parting with them” -- and he did, in fact, agree to sell Henry, Milly, and their children to Judge Reynolds of Covington when Henry was away at war with Dr. Means’ son, serving in the Confederate Army. Upon Henry’s return, Dr. Means writes that Henry “is much distressed and unwilling to go.” Means further records that Reynolds “kindly consented” to release him from his agreement on Dec. 28, 1861, although Means did go through with the sale of Mildred, whom, he claimed, wanted to go.
Robinson, Mildred (1836 - ?)
Enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means, Mildred was the daughter of Henry and Millie and sister to Tom and Trout. She was sold off to Judge Reynolds in late 1861. Means relents on the rest of the family when Henry objects, but writes that
Robinson, Cornelius (1836 - ?)
Cornelius Robinson was a Native American enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means as his valet. Robinson married Ellen, who was an African American slave working as a lady’s maid to Dr. Means’s wife. Cornelius and Ellen had a daughter named Sarah, who married Robert (Bob) Mitchell, son of Tom Mitchell.
Robinson, Ellen (1835 - ?)
Ellen Robinson, wife of Cornelius Robinson, was enslaved to Dr. Alexander Means and served as lady’s maid to Mrs. Means. Ellen and Cornelius lived in a small separate house behind the Means Family home that still exists today.
Robinson, Henry (1806 - ?)
Henry was enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means. He was married to Millie and they had three children: Tom, Troup, and Mildred. Dr. Means recorded in his diary that he agreed to sell Henry and his family on November 18, 1861 to Judge Reynolds of Covington, while Henry was away with Means’ son, serving in the Confederate Army at the Battle of Manassas. Upon Henry’s return, Dr. Means writes that Henry “is much distressed and unwilling to go.” Means further records that Reynolds “kindly consented” to release Dr. Means from his agreement on Dec. 28, 1861, although Means did go through with the sale of Mildred, whom, he claimed, wanted to go.
Robinson, Millie (~1818 - ?)
Millie was enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means. She was the wife of Henry and mother of Tom, Trout, and Mildred. Dr. Means recorded in his diary on November 1861, “Milly’s insolence and angry retorts first induced me to think of parting with them” -- and he did, in fact, agree to sell Henry, Milly, and their children to Judge Reynolds of Covington when Henry was away at war with Dr. Means’ son, serving in the Confederate Army. Upon Henry’s return, Dr. Means writes that Henry “is much distressed and unwilling to go.” Means further records that Reynolds “kindly consented” to release him from his agreement on Dec. 28, 1861, although Means did go through with the sale of Mildred, whom, he claimed, wanted to go.
Robinson, Mildred (1836 - ?)
Enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means, Mildred was the daughter of Henry and Millie and sister to Tom and Trout. She was sold off to Judge Reynolds in late 1861. Means relents on the rest of the family when Henry objects, but writes that
Mildred [is] much in fault and I therefore sell Mildred who expressed a desire that I should [do] so, to Judge Reynolds. 30 December. Mildred leaves us for Coleman Brown’s in Covington, Judge Reynolds’s son in law.
Mildred later married and took on the last name of Pelham.
Robinson, Thomas (1850 - ?)
Tom was a slave of Dr. Alexander Means. He was the son of Henry and Millie and brother to Troup and Mildred.
Robinson, Troup (1852 - )
The daughter of Henry and Millie, and sister to Tom and Mildred, Troup was a slave belonging to Dr. Alexander Means.
NOTE: Presumably, this is Troup Robinson who was listed in the Freemen’s Census of 1870 as being born in about 1852.
Rose
Rose was enslaved by Jeptha M. Cody. Like several other slaves belonging to Cody, Rose was caught after attempting to escape with her three children in October 1864. Extant records show that a slave catcher’s fee was paid upon their return.
Ruth
Ruth, daughter of Nancy, was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Ruth had a daughter, Lucinda (who was the mother of Sterling and Duncan), and a son, Tony. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. recalled that
Robinson, Thomas (1850 - ?)
Tom was a slave of Dr. Alexander Means. He was the son of Henry and Millie and brother to Troup and Mildred.
Robinson, Troup (1852 - )
The daughter of Henry and Millie, and sister to Tom and Mildred, Troup was a slave belonging to Dr. Alexander Means.
NOTE: Presumably, this is Troup Robinson who was listed in the Freemen’s Census of 1870 as being born in about 1852.
Rose
Rose was enslaved by Jeptha M. Cody. Like several other slaves belonging to Cody, Rose was caught after attempting to escape with her three children in October 1864. Extant records show that a slave catcher’s fee was paid upon their return.
Ruth
Ruth, daughter of Nancy, was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Ruth had a daughter, Lucinda (who was the mother of Sterling and Duncan), and a son, Tony. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. recalled that
Ruth was the plantation cook. She had charge of all the cows – about 10 or 12 in number. She also had charge of the chickens, turkeys, and the yard in general. She was a good natured, kind old woman. I never remember anybody finding fault with her. … Ruth lived long after the surrender also and lived with her husband near Monroe, Georgia.
Sallie (~1830 ~ 1930)
Sallie, wife of Caesar, was a slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Sallie was part of Stone’s inheritance from his father that he received in 1856. According to letters left by G. W. W. Stone, Jr. that were written in the mid-1930s, Sallie “lived to be over 100 years old and died only a few years ago.” This would mean the approximate years of her life were between 1830 and 1930.
Sib
The February 9, 1837 minutes to a meeting of the Emory Board of Trustees reads:
Sallie, wife of Caesar, was a slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Sallie was part of Stone’s inheritance from his father that he received in 1856. According to letters left by G. W. W. Stone, Jr. that were written in the mid-1930s, Sallie “lived to be over 100 years old and died only a few years ago.” This would mean the approximate years of her life were between 1830 and 1930.
Sib
The February 9, 1837 minutes to a meeting of the Emory Board of Trustees reads:
Resolved that the Treasurer be instructed to pay the sum of Fifty Dollars for the hire of a negro [sic] woman by the name of Sib for 1836 and to give notes for the hire of the negroes [sic] ordered to be hired for the present year and the following rates for Sim: $150, for Charles: $150, for Sib and her children: $75.
Silas
Silas was a slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Extant documents show that he was purchased by Stone in Cokesbury sometime between 1845 and 1849. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. would later recall Silas as the only slave who was non-compliant.
Silas was a slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Extant documents show that he was purchased by Stone in Cokesbury sometime between 1845 and 1849. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. would later recall Silas as the only slave who was non-compliant.
Every Saturday, father sent old Silas in a one-horse wagon to the plantation to carry things needed there and to get the chickens, butter and eggs that old Mom Ruth would send us. … I was allowed to go with Silas very often. He never knew but one old hymn that I know of. That was, “Jesus, My all to Heaven is Gone.” He sang this to the tune of “Devotion.” Whenever he struck a sandy place in the road he would sing very low. Whenever the wagon rattled he would sing louder.
Sims, George Washington (1825[30] - ?)
George Washington Sims was enslaved by Richard L. Sims, one of the largest slave owners in Newton County at the time. After emancipation, Sims played a pivotal role in the establishment of Rust Chapel, the first African American Methodist Episcopal church and school in Oxford. Most of the African American families in Oxford can trace their ancestry back to the Sims family.
Sterling
Sterling, the son of Lucinda, was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Oxford. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. later recalled that when Sterling, still a young boy, fell ill, Stone’s mother brought Sterling to their house and nursed him, but the boy did not survive.
Susan
Susan was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Talley, William (~1804 - ?)
William Talley was almost certainly the slave of Rev. John W. Talley, who, along with Atticus Haygood, was pastor to the antebellum black church of Oxford that was located in what is now the southeastern section of the Oxford Historical Cemetery. In Our Brother in Black, a book written by Haygood, William Talley was referred to in a footnote as a “servant.” William, too, was a preacher, noted for his solemnity of expression.
NOTE: According to the 1860 Census, John W. Talley owned eight slaves. It lists William, presumably the oldest male at age 56, which means that he was born around 1804.
Tamer
Tamer was listed as part of the estate property of Stephen Potter, who died in 1851. “Four negroes [sic] sold to W. H. Potter. … A Negro woman named Tamer, a Negro girl Josephine, and Kitty.”
NOTE: Tamer is perhaps related to the Tamer Johnson who, according to the 1870 Census, was born around 1845 and was married to Lucius Johnson of Covington. They could not be the same person because in 1845, the Tamer who was slave to Stephen Potter would have been only about two years old, and so would not have been described as a “Negro woman.”
Tempy
Tempy was a mulatto slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was given to G. W. W. Stone by “Grandfather Stone” upon the occasion of the younger Stone’s marriage on July 24, 1843. Tempy had three children between the years of 1845 and 1849, while living in Cokesbury, where Stone was rector: Clinton, Anna and Frank. Anna and Frank were twins. Tempe worked as the family cook. According to G. W. W. Stone, Jr., “Tempe continued to be our cook until after the war, and she was one of the best I ever knew.”
Thaddius (~1839 - ? )
Thaddius was enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means and, according to Dr. Means’s diary, Thaddius was deeded to his daughter, Mary Elizabeth Capers, wife of Henry Capers, on November 2, 1858. The deed records Thaddius as being “about nineteen years old.” Other “property” included in the deed was Tinsely Anna, a Negro girl about fifteen years old, and a piano forte.
NOTE: The 1870 Freedman’s Census for Oxford lists a three year-old boy named Thaddius in the household of Cornelius Robertson, who was a former slave of Alexander Means. It is likely that the boy was named after the elder Thaddius.
Thomas, William H. F. (1837 – 1926)
Buried in Oxford Historic Cemetery. (See his full biography in the Part One of this book).
NOTE: James R. Thomas, President of Emory College during the Civil War, owned eight slaves in 1860. It is not known whether any of his slaves took the surname of Thomas upon Emancipation.
Tinsley, Anna (~1853 - ? )
Anna Tinsley was a slave to Dr. Alexander Means. On November 2, 1858 Alexander Means deeded to his daughter, Mary Elizabeth Means Capers, wife of Henry Capers: “One negro boy named Thaddius, about 19 years old, Tinsely Anna, a negro [sic] girl about 15 years old, and a Piano Forte.”
NOTE: There is a Tinsely A. Cody (1892-1970) buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery. This presumably is the same person as the Anna Tinsley, age seven, listed in the 1880 Census in Oxford. She is perhaps related to the “Tinsley Anna” mentioned in the Means deed.
Tom
Tom was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
NOTE: It is possible that this Tom and “Uncle Tommie” Mitchell were one in the same person.
Tony
Tony was given to Professor G. W. W. Stone, Sr. by his father-in-law, Bishop William Capers. Tony, who had been the body servant of Bishop Capers’s great-grandfather, Captain William Capers, during the Revolutionary War, was old and infirm when taken into the Stone household. He had lost his leg in battle while hauling supplies to General Marion’s army in the Pee Dee Swamp in South Carolina.
Walter
Walter was enslaved by Gustavus Orr, who mentioned him in a letter to his son dated January 29, 1860.
NOTE: This Walter is possibly the Walter Hunter in the 1870 Freedmen’s Census, who is described as a “25 year-old male, mulatto, Methodist Minister and Domestic Servant.” Hannah and Octavia Hunter were almost certainly slaves in the Orr household, so perhaps Walter took the Hunter name as well.
Willis
Willis was enslaved by the Graves Family. In a letter from Henry Graves to his mother dated September 17, 1863, Graves writes:
George Washington Sims was enslaved by Richard L. Sims, one of the largest slave owners in Newton County at the time. After emancipation, Sims played a pivotal role in the establishment of Rust Chapel, the first African American Methodist Episcopal church and school in Oxford. Most of the African American families in Oxford can trace their ancestry back to the Sims family.
Sterling
Sterling, the son of Lucinda, was enslaved by G. W. W. Stone, Sr. Oxford. G. W. W. Stone, Jr. later recalled that when Sterling, still a young boy, fell ill, Stone’s mother brought Sterling to their house and nursed him, but the boy did not survive.
Susan
Susan was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. She was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
Talley, William (~1804 - ?)
William Talley was almost certainly the slave of Rev. John W. Talley, who, along with Atticus Haygood, was pastor to the antebellum black church of Oxford that was located in what is now the southeastern section of the Oxford Historical Cemetery. In Our Brother in Black, a book written by Haygood, William Talley was referred to in a footnote as a “servant.” William, too, was a preacher, noted for his solemnity of expression.
NOTE: According to the 1860 Census, John W. Talley owned eight slaves. It lists William, presumably the oldest male at age 56, which means that he was born around 1804.
Tamer
Tamer was listed as part of the estate property of Stephen Potter, who died in 1851. “Four negroes [sic] sold to W. H. Potter. … A Negro woman named Tamer, a Negro girl Josephine, and Kitty.”
NOTE: Tamer is perhaps related to the Tamer Johnson who, according to the 1870 Census, was born around 1845 and was married to Lucius Johnson of Covington. They could not be the same person because in 1845, the Tamer who was slave to Stephen Potter would have been only about two years old, and so would not have been described as a “Negro woman.”
Tempy
Tempy was a mulatto slave belonging to G. W. W. Stone, Sr. She was given to G. W. W. Stone by “Grandfather Stone” upon the occasion of the younger Stone’s marriage on July 24, 1843. Tempy had three children between the years of 1845 and 1849, while living in Cokesbury, where Stone was rector: Clinton, Anna and Frank. Anna and Frank were twins. Tempe worked as the family cook. According to G. W. W. Stone, Jr., “Tempe continued to be our cook until after the war, and she was one of the best I ever knew.”
Thaddius (~1839 - ? )
Thaddius was enslaved by Dr. Alexander Means and, according to Dr. Means’s diary, Thaddius was deeded to his daughter, Mary Elizabeth Capers, wife of Henry Capers, on November 2, 1858. The deed records Thaddius as being “about nineteen years old.” Other “property” included in the deed was Tinsely Anna, a Negro girl about fifteen years old, and a piano forte.
NOTE: The 1870 Freedman’s Census for Oxford lists a three year-old boy named Thaddius in the household of Cornelius Robertson, who was a former slave of Alexander Means. It is likely that the boy was named after the elder Thaddius.
Thomas, William H. F. (1837 – 1926)
Buried in Oxford Historic Cemetery. (See his full biography in the Part One of this book).
NOTE: James R. Thomas, President of Emory College during the Civil War, owned eight slaves in 1860. It is not known whether any of his slaves took the surname of Thomas upon Emancipation.
Tinsley, Anna (~1853 - ? )
Anna Tinsley was a slave to Dr. Alexander Means. On November 2, 1858 Alexander Means deeded to his daughter, Mary Elizabeth Means Capers, wife of Henry Capers: “One negro boy named Thaddius, about 19 years old, Tinsely Anna, a negro [sic] girl about 15 years old, and a Piano Forte.”
NOTE: There is a Tinsely A. Cody (1892-1970) buried in the Oxford Historical Cemetery. This presumably is the same person as the Anna Tinsley, age seven, listed in the 1880 Census in Oxford. She is perhaps related to the “Tinsley Anna” mentioned in the Means deed.
Tom
Tom was a slave belonging to Bishop James Osgood Andrew. He was among the slaves who were “sold” just prior to the Methodist General Conference in 1844 to President Augustus Longstreet of Emory, and soon after deeded back to the bishop.
NOTE: It is possible that this Tom and “Uncle Tommie” Mitchell were one in the same person.
Tony
Tony was given to Professor G. W. W. Stone, Sr. by his father-in-law, Bishop William Capers. Tony, who had been the body servant of Bishop Capers’s great-grandfather, Captain William Capers, during the Revolutionary War, was old and infirm when taken into the Stone household. He had lost his leg in battle while hauling supplies to General Marion’s army in the Pee Dee Swamp in South Carolina.
Walter
Walter was enslaved by Gustavus Orr, who mentioned him in a letter to his son dated January 29, 1860.
NOTE: This Walter is possibly the Walter Hunter in the 1870 Freedmen’s Census, who is described as a “25 year-old male, mulatto, Methodist Minister and Domestic Servant.” Hannah and Octavia Hunter were almost certainly slaves in the Orr household, so perhaps Walter took the Hunter name as well.
Willis
Willis was enslaved by the Graves Family. In a letter from Henry Graves to his mother dated September 17, 1863, Graves writes:
John H. Graves is at the plantation. Tom has been compelled to send Willis and Robert to the army as drivers. It is the best policy our government can adopt -- to have Negro drivers -- and put all white men into the ranks.
Wright, Augustus C. (1855-1928)
Arthur Wright was born in Dalton, Georgia but later moved to Oxford, where he married Louise Walker. He is buried in Oxford Historical Cemetery.
Arthur Wright was born in Dalton, Georgia but later moved to Oxford, where he married Louise Walker. He is buried in Oxford Historical Cemetery.